A Crisis in Black Politics
EDITOR'S NOTE: This is a modified version of an article that appears in the 1st issue of Leverage magazine. It can be found here.
The writing is on the wall. A year ago, America’s long-term neglect of the urban poor bubbled to the surface when Hurricane Katrina devastated one of America’s most storied – and blackest – cities. While that crisis briefly brought the issue of poverty, black poverty even, into the center of national debate, it was soon overshadowed by battles over Supreme Court justices, missing white women and celebrities, and much of America moved on, without any systemic solutions proffered to the problems highlighted. It would seem to be part of a pattern. After all, the 2004 election cycle marked the first election in over a generation that issues of black poverty were almost completely ignored, that is, after the African-American protest candidates, Al Sharpton and Carol Moseley Braun, who raised little money and lacked legitimacy even in their own community, were disposed of. Perhaps most disturbingly, the highest-ranking black officials in the country in the last five years, Secretaries of State Colin Powell and Condoleeza Rice, have been apologists for a right-wing administration that is actively hostile to the interests of the poor.
Voices for the black poor have been systematically marginalized. The Congressional Black Caucus, never having developed an independent funding apparatus, is beholden to the priorities of the Democratic Party as a whole, and as such cannot serve as an effective or assertive voice for disenfranchised blacks in the halls of power. The current highest-ranking black elected officials – Senator Barack Obama of Illinois and Lt. Gov. Michael Steele of Maryland – came to prominence through promotion of explicitly non-racial politics. Three of this year’s highest profile black candidates – the aforementioned Steele, Ken Blackwell in Ohio, and Lynn Swann in Pennsylvania – are counting on winning a significant minority of African-American votes in their strategies. The other, Harold Ford of Tennessee, has spent five terms in Congress burnishing his conservative credentials, and most recently made headlines by declaring in USA Today that his paternal grandmother was white, not black. Each, in his own way, has sought to reduce his blackness to a mere matter of ancestry, disconnected from a history, politic or community that compels the promotion of any particular agenda.
Meanwhile, the black middle class increasingly finds its economic fate untied to that of the black poor. Our diffusion into majority-white suburbs and upper-middle class black enclaves and the advancing gentrification of formerly majority-black center cities affords middle-class blacks access to opportunities that the black poor aren’t even aware exist. The issues that are important to this class largely revolve around access to capital, corporate recruitment and advancement and access to professional schools. No longer living primarily in proximity to the black poor, issues of mass incarceration, crime or declining schools are relevant to them only inasmuch as they view themselves as part of a larger black community that increasingly doesn’t exist geographically or socially. In fact, increasingly, this class is mobilized around the same religious and social issues that motivate many white voters. As the economic fortunes of the black middle class have improved, old-line black organizations have declined. The NAACP is a shell of its former self, the Urban League faces financial crisis in many of its local chapters, and no other comparable groups exist even on their reduced scale.
Entertainment, sports and, to a lesser degree, finance, have nurtured the creation of an ever-increasing black upper-class that has yet to confront the exploitive images upon which much of their wealth was built, or the relatively scarce opportunities to follow their paths into the high-net worth class, or to articulate a political voice significantly different from their white counterparts with similar wealth. They are beginning to make inroads into the worlds of charitable giving, economic development and support for education, but overall are a relative non-factor at this stage of development. Beyond Russell Simmons and Sean Combs’ periodic energizing of the youth vote, it’s still very unclear that we can expect leadership to emerge from this class.
Perhaps most significantly, outside of the continuing war in Iraq and rising energy prices, the hottest issue in America this year has been immigration. The issue has been thoroughly Mexicanized, with the problems and issues of Asian or African immigrants marginalized, and the contest over the issue becoming a proxy for the integration of “America’s largest minority” in sufficient numbers to counterbalance the African-American polity. If a compromise on immigration is reached in Congress, it will pave the way for a large voting bloc full of conservative Catholics and evangelicals sympathetic to the Republican values message to enter the body politic, thus creating huge pressure for the Democratic Party to court their vote in order to remain competitive. Major black political organizations have made virtually no outreach to that community on a national level, so there is little prospect for the revival of “rainbow coalition” politics. The stage is being set for the long-awaited Latino march into the great American majority, and the black response – from xenophobia to nativism to corporate liberalism to brown solidarity – can best be described as confusion.
With all these trends converging, it’s clear that black politics in America as it has been constituted for the last 40 years is a wreck; foundering in the face of racial transformation just as the American Whig Party did in the 19th century. The political issues that are salient primarily to the African-American population without affecting the majority population in comparable ways – mass incarceration and HIV/AIDS – are unlikely to be addressed through the political process because of this decline in the black political apparatus, and the issues of education and economic development have passed into the liberal mainstream in ways that make race-based appeals both less effective and less attractive. Confronting this dilemma is the challenge black Americans face in the coming years. It may be possible to chart a course that addresses these black issues in local and non-governmental ways. But without an effective political apparatus or non-religious leaders who have real accountability within the black populace, finding ways to coordinate these de-centered efforts will pose a huge challenge to a community that sees the writing on the wall, but can no longer agree on how to read it.


